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LIGHTENING YOUR WORKLOAD WITH INCLUDES In other words, if the variable $imageSize hasn t been set (defined), the PHP engine will ignore everything between the curly braces. It doesn t matter that most of the code between the braces is XHTML and CSS. If $imageSize hasn t been set, the PHP engine skips to the closing brace, and the intervening code isn t sent to the browser. Many inexperienced PHP coders wrongly believe that they need to use echo or print to create XHTML output inside a conditional statement. As long as the opening and closing braces match, you can use PHP to hide or display sections of XHTML like this. It s a lot neater and involves a lot less typing than using echo all the time. If $imageSize has been set, the style block is created, and $imageSize[0] is used to set the correct width for the paragraph that contains the caption. 7. Save random_image.php and index.php, and reload index.php into a browser. Click the Reload button until the image of the trainee geisha with the mobile phone appears. This time, it should look like Figure 4-10. If you view the source code in the browser, you will see that the style rule changes automatically for each image. The correct width and height attributes should also be inside the tag. Figure 4-10. The ugly gap is removed by creating a style rule directly related to the image size. 111
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PHP SOLUTIONS: DYNAMIC WEB DESIGN MADE EASY The if statement uses two functions, file_exists() and is_readable(), to make sure $selectedImage not only exists, but also that it s accessible (it may be corrupted or have the wrong permissions). These functions return Boolean values (true or false), so they can be used directly as part of the conditional statement. The single line inside the if statement uses the function getimagesize() to get the image s dimensions. The function returns an array containing four elements. By assigning the result to $imageSize, you can extract the following information: $imageSize[0]: The width of the image in pixels $imageSize[1]: The height of the image in pixels $imageSize[2]: A number indicating the type of file (see Chapter 8 for details) $imageSize[3]: A string containing the height and width for use in an tag The first and last items in this array are just what you need to solve the problem shown in Figure 4-9. 5. First of all, let s fix the code in step 2. Change it like this:

This inserts the correct width and height attributes inside the tag. 6. Although this sets the dimensions for the image, you still need to control the width of the caption. You can t use PHP inside an external stylesheet, but there s nothing stopping you from creating a style block in the of index.php. Put this code just before the closing tag: This code consists of only nine short lines, but there s quite a lot going on in there. Let s start with the first three lines and the final one. If you strip away the PHP tags and replace the middle five lines with a comment, this is what you end up with: if (isset($imageSize)) { // do something if $imageSize has been set }
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LIGHTENING YOUR WORKLOAD WITH INCLUDES and ‘caption’. The definition of the multidimensional array forms a single state ment, so there are no semicolons until line 19. The closing parenthesis on that line matches the opening one on line 2. All the array elements in between are sepa rated by commas. The deep indenting isn t necessary, but it makes the code a lot easier to read. The variable used to select the image also needs to be changed, because $images[$i] no longer contains a string, but an array. To get the correct filename for the image, you need to use $images[$i][’file’]. The caption for the selected image is contained in $images[$i][’caption’] and stored in a shorter variable. 2. You now need to amend the code in index.php to display the caption like this:

3. Save index.php and random_image.php, and load index.php into a browser. Most images will look fine, but there s an ugly gap to the right of the image of the trainee geisha with a mobile phone, as shown in Figure 4-9. Fortunately, this is easily fixed. Figure 4-9. The long caption shifts the image too far left. 4. Add the following code to random_image.php just before the closing PHP tag: if (file_exists($selectedImage) && is_readable($selectedImage)) { $imageSize = getimagesize($selectedImage); } 109
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PHP SOLUTIONS: DYNAMIC WEB DESIGN MADE EASY elements: the filename and a caption. In graphical terms, it looks like this (for space reasons, only the first two items are displayed as arrays): In the original array, $images[1] is the picture of the two trainee geishas. In the multidimensional array, it still represents the same photo, but the filename is now stored in the subarray as $images[1][’file’] and the description as $images[1][’caption’]. Since the images are different sizes, you may be thinking it would be a good idea to store their width and height too. It s not necessary, because PHP can generate the details dynamically with a function called, appropriately enough, getimagesize(). This PHP solution builds on the previous one, so continue working with the same files. 1. Open random_image.php and change the code like this: ‘kinkakuji’, ‘caption’ => ‘The Golden Pavilion in Kyoto’), array(’file’ => ‘maiko’, ‘caption’ => ‘Maiko—trainee geishas in Kyoto’), array(’file’ => ‘maiko_phone’, ‘caption’ => ‘Every maiko should have one—a mobile, . of course’), array(’file’ => ‘monk’, ‘caption’ => ‘Monk begging for alms in Kyoto’), array(’file’ => ‘fountains’, ‘caption’ => ‘Fountains in central Tokyo’), array(’file’ => ‘ryoanji’, ‘caption’ => ‘Autumn leaves at Ryoanji temple, Kyoto’), array(’file’ => ‘menu’, ‘caption’ => ‘Menu outside restaurant in Pontocho, Kyoto’), array(’file’ => ‘basin’, ‘caption’ => ‘Water basin at Ryoanji temple, Kyoto’) ); $i = rand(0, count($images)-1); $selectedImage = “images/{$images[$i][’file’]}.jpg”; $caption = $images[$i][’caption’]; ?> Although the code looks complicated, it s an ordinary indexed array that contains eight items, each of which is an associative array containing definitions for ‘file’
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LIGHTENING YOUR WORKLOAD WITH INCLUDES 5. Save both random_image.php and index.php, and load index.php into a browser. The image should now be chosen at random. Click the Reload button in your browser, and you should see a variety of images, as shown in Figure 4-8. You can check your code for index.php against index04.php in the download files. The code for random_image.php is in random_image01.php. Figure 4-8. Storing image names in an indexed array makes it easy to display a random image. This is a simple and effective way of displaying a random image, but it would be much bet- ter if you could add a caption and set the width and height attributes for different sized images dynamically. PHP Solution 4-7: Adding a caption to the random image As I explained in Chapter 3, arrays can hold any type of data, including other arrays. To store more than one piece of information about an image, each image in the original $images array needs to be represented by a separate array. Each subarray has two 107
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PHP SOLUTIONS: DYNAMIC WEB DESIGN MADE EASY number passed to rand(). It s much easier to get PHP to count them for you, and that s exactly what the count() function does: it counts the number of elements in an array. You need a number one less than the number of elements in the array, so the second argument passed to rand() becomes count($images)-1, and the result is stored in $i. If you re new to PHP, you may find it hard to understand expressions like $i = rand(0, count($images)-1). All that s happening is that you re passing an expression to rand(), rather than the actual number. If it makes it easier for you to follow the logic of the code, rewrite it like this: $numImages = count($images); // $numImages is 8 $max = $numImages 1; // $max is 7 $i = rand(0, $max); // $i = rand(0, 7) The random number is used in the final line to build the correct pathname for the selected file. The variable $images[$i] is embedded in a double-quoted string with no whitespace separating it from surrounding characters, so it s enclosed in curly braces. Arrays start at 0, so if the random number is 1, $selectedImage is images/maiko.jpg. 2. Open index.php and include random_image.php by inserting the command in the same code block as title.inc.php like this: Since random_image.php doesn t send any direct output to the browser, it s quite safe to put it above the DOCTYPE without forcing browsers into quirks mode. 3. Scroll down inside index.php and locate the code that displays the image in the maincontent

. It looks like this:

4. Instead of using images/basin.jpg as a fixed image, replace it with $selectedImage. All the images have different dimensions, so delete the width and height attributes, and use a generic alt attribute. The code in step 3 should now look like this:

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