How to cite a web site - 82Part IPHP: The Basicswill produce the following output
82Part IPHP: The Basicswill produce the following output in the browser: The antelope has 1 head(s). The antelope has 4 leg(s). The values for the variables we included in the string have been neatly spliced into the printedoutput. This makes it very easy to quickly produce Web pages with content that varies depend- ing on how variables have been set. It is not the result of any magical properties of print, however the magic is really happening in the interpretation of the quoted string itself. HTML and linebreaksOne mistake often made by new PHP programmers (especially those from a C background) isto try to break lines of text in their browsers by putting end-of-line characters ( n ) in thestrings they print. To understand why this doesn t work, you have to distinguish the outputofPHP (which is usually HTML code, ready to be sent over the Internet to a browser program) from the way that output is rendered by the user s browser. Most browser programs willmake their own choices about how to split up lines in HTML text, unless you force a linebreak with the
tag. End-of-line characters in strings will put line breaks in the HTMLsource that PHP sends to your user s browser (which can still be useful for creating readableHTML source), but they will usually have no effect on the way that text looks in a Web page. SummaryPHP code follows a basic set of syntactical rules, mostly borrowed from programming lan- guages such as C and Perl. The syntactical requirements of PHP are minimal, and in generalPHP tries to display results when it can rather than generating an error. PHP has eight types: integer, double, Boolean, NULL, string, array, object, and resource. Fiveof these are simple types: Integers are whole numbers, doubles are floating-point numbers, Booleans are true-or-false values, NULL has just one value (NULL), and strings are sequencesof characters. Arraysare a compound type that holds other PHP values, indexed either byintegers or by strings. Objectsare instances of programmer-defined classes, which can con- tain both member variables and member functions, and which can inherit functions and datatypes from other classes. (We address arrays in Chapter 9 and objects in Chapter 20.) Finally, resourcesare special references to memory allocated from external programs, which memoryPHP frees automatically when they are no longer needed (we cover resources in Chapter 25). Only values are typed in PHP variables have no inherent type other than the value of theirmost recent assignment. PHP automatically converts value types as demanded by the contextin which the value is used. The programmer can also explicitly control types by means ofboth conversion functions and type casts. PHP code is whitespace insensitive, and although variable names are case sensitive, basiclanguage constructs and function names are not. Simple PHP expressions are combined intolarger expressions by operators and function calls, and statements are expressions with a ter- minating semicolon. Variables are denoted by a leading $character and are assigned usingthe =operator. They need no type declarations and have reasonable default values if usedbefore they are assigned. Variable scope is global except inside the body of functions, whereit is local to the function unless explicitly declared otherwise. The simplest way to send output to the user is by using either echoor print, which outputtheir string arguments. They are particularly useful in combination with doubly quotedstrings, which automatically replace embedded variables with their values. …
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